Where is eyjafjallajökull

Acta Nat Islandica , Johannesson H, The endless lavas at the foot of Eyjafjoll and glaciers of the last glaciation. Jokull , in Icelandic with English summary. Geological map of Iceland, sheet 6, south Iceland. Oskarsson B V, Unpublished Master's thesis , Univ Iceland, p. Pedersen R, Sigmundsson F, Temporal development of the intrusive episode in the Eyjafjallajokull volcano, Iceland, derived from InSAR images.

Bull Volcanol , Steinthorsson S, et al. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World - Iceland. Unpublished manuscript. May summit eruption, indicating gradual deflation of a source distinct from the pre-eruptive inflation source. Black orthogonal arrows show the satellite flight path and look direction. One colour fringe corresponds to line-of-sight LOS change of Black dots show earthquake epicentres for the corresponding period.

Background is shaded topography. Thick lines below indicate the time span of the interferograms. Red stars and triangles same as in Fig. Hooper, T. Pedersen, M. Roberts, N. Oskarsson, A. Auriac, J.

Decriem, P. Einarsson, H. Geirsson, M. Hensch, B. Ofeigsson, E. Sturkell, H. Feigl, Nature , , Remarks: GPS and InSAR data reveal a pre-eruptive stage of inflation due to a complicated time-evolving magma intrusion that produced variable and high rates of deformation, in particular after 4 March. One of the nine interferograms selected for modeling the intrusive episode.

Incoherent areas are masked. Amplitude image in background. The area corresponds to Fig. The time span insets show the relation to the period s of elevated seismic activity Dark gray main seismic period; Light gray secondary seismic period. For details on dates please refer to Table 2. One full color cycle corresponds to a change in range of 2. Einarsson, F.

Sigmundsson, S. Hreinsdottir, and H. Geophysical Research Letters , 30, Remarks: Deformation at Eyjafjallajokull is accompanied by an earthquake swarm in June and can be modeled with a horizontal sill intrusion.

All images cover the area shown in Figure 1B. Glacier outlined in black. Details on image-pairs in Table 1; f Fringe pattern predicted by variable opening sill model. Dashed line shows outline of uniform sill plane. Green star: optimal Mogi source. Grey circles: best micro-earthquake locations from the swarm; g Variable sill opening. The three minor areas of opening disconnected from the main sill are artifacts due to atmospheric noise in the data.

Sigmundsson,, Geophysical Research Letters , 31, L The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full dpi map. Very small-scale maps such as world maps are not included.

The maps database originated over 30 years ago, but was only recently updated and connected to our main database. We welcome users to tell us if they see incorrect information or other problems with the maps; please use the Contact GVP link at the bottom of the page to send us email. Catalog number links will open a window with more information. Figure Courtesy of USGS. Stars indicate eruptive sites map scale at top left.

The map includes a small slice of the Atlantic ocean along the lower left-hand margin. Revised from a map by Sigmundsson and others The scene helps explain the high degree of water and ice interaction with the erupting lavas.

Snow had melted from numerous ash and lava-covered surfaces black areas. Although portions of the crater emitted steam, evidence of substantial ongoing lava emissions were absent at this point in time.

Courtesy of Sigmundsson and others The left-hand graphic is a true-color RGB red-green-blue composite, and the right-hand image is a false-color composite of Bands 32, 31, and 29 12, 11, and 8. These data were processed with the decorrelation stretch D-stretch , a technique for enhancing spectral contrast based on principal components analysis.

In this rendition the ash plume appears red and the ice-rich clouds appear blue. The D-stretch was based on scene statistics and was intended to be a quick method for discriminating material that may be volcanic in origin. Courtesy of Vincent J. Marked arrows on the map give locations of labeled photos A-E taken 18 September A Fresh lava darker seen looking N.

In the distance appear fresh black lava flows, some portions of which formed the lava falls down the valley walls. B View showing the elongate ridge as seen from the upslope perspective people in the distance for scale. This photo was taken with a flash, otherwise the fissure walls would have been very dark. D The fracture indicated on the map as it appeared near the rim of the ridge of newly erupted lava.

E The same fracture seen in D from another perspective. Courtesy of John and Ludmilla Eichelberger. Information is preliminary and subject to change. Figure 1. Index map showing some eruptive centers is from Laursen Base map courtesy of IMO. Figure 2. Starting on 14 April, eruptions took place at the summit caldera. Figure 3. The image shows both visible information and heat signatures from areas of anomalously high thermal infrared IR radiation for colored versions, yellow is hottest, red, cooler.

At the summit, the vent is clearly active, with a thermal signature and a dense white plume blowing SSE. Courtesy of Rob Simmon, the U. Figure 4. Inset photograph is of station SKOG. Courtesy of IES. Figure 5. Figure 6. Note N arrow and scale at lower left. Figure 7. Photo showing lava falls developed when lava flows encountered steep canyon walls, 1 April Figure 8. Table indicates cumulative areal extent of the deposits.

Figure 9. Values shown are elevations and those in parentheses refer to the approximate net gain in elevation due to fresh deposits on the pre-eruption surface. The glacial snow and ice had deformed and melted, forming circular depressions ice cauldrons in the icecap's surface. Flooding from the melting glacier had led to the various features on and below the glacier to the N and S illustrated by labels.

The data were acquired via aircraft by the Icelandic Coast Guard during on 15 April The glacier margin and surface contours came from a investigation. Compilation of graphic daily Volcanic Ash Advisories showing the assessed or inferred extent of ash plumes at UTC for 10 days, April Ash blew S as both a dense band and a much wider, less dense plume see text. The N side of the crater was stained yellow with sulfides. Bluish fumes, sulfuric gases, blew S and SW.

Courtesy of Gunnar B. Gudmundsson, IES. From this map it appears that the routes labeled HN and HN were on the order of km. Courtesy of Finnish Air Force. References The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Einarsson P, Gudmundsson A T, Reykjavik: Vaka-Helgafell, p. Eruptive History There is data available for 5 Holocene eruptive periods. Unknown Confirmed Tephrochronology. Deformation History There is data available for 4 deformation periods.

Expand each entry for additional details. From: Sigmundsson et al. Reference List: Sigmundsson et al. Full References: Sigmundsson, F. Reference List: Sturkell et al. Full References: Pedersen, R.

From: Pedersen and Sigmundsson Reference List: Pedersen and Sigmundsson Emission History There is data available for 1 emission periods.

The summit is truncated by a 2. It is a collaboration of the Icelandic Meteorological Office the state volcano observatory , the Institute of Earth Sciences at the University of Iceland, and the Civil Protection Department of the National Commissioner of the Iceland Police, with contributions from a large number of specialists in Iceland and elsewhere. This official publication is intended to serve as an accurate and up-to-date source of information about active volcanoes in Iceland and their characteristics.

GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers or other interested parties to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database.

This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days.

Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

Sentinel Hub is an engine for processing of petabytes of satellite data. It is opening the doors for machine learning and helping hundreds of application developers worldwide. It makes Sentinel, Landsat, and other Earth observation imagery easily accessible for browsing, visualization and analysis.

Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing DECADE initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO 2 to the atmosphere, but installing CO 2 monitoring networks on 20 of the world's most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

EarthChem EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications IEDA.

High tremor with lava flows; generally weak and ash-poor plumes. Pulsating activity with small discrete explosions every few seconds. Tephra grains had fluidal shapes suggesting magmatic fragmentation and decreased viscosity of erupting magma.

Plumes on 28th to 7 km altitude. Euhedral plagiclase, olivine, and clinopyroxene phenocrysts seem to be in equilibrium with magma. Trachyandesite Basic Data.

Within 5 km Within 10 km Within 30 km Within km. Geological Summary. Remarks: Deformation at Eyjafjallajokull is accompanied by an earthquake swarm in NMNH The Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes is an interactive, web-based tool, containing information on volcanic systems that belong to the active volcanic zones of Iceland.

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. Volcanic Hazard Maps. The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers or other interested parties to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences.

Sentinel Hub is operated by Sinergise. Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology IRIS Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks permanent or temporary within a radius of 0.

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. The minor eruptions caused floods, and the ash from these eruptions is still found on the South Coast.

Scientists believe that Katla is presently filling up its magma chambers for its next eruption. The eruption sent a volcanic ash plume 5.

The black ash cloud could be seen from miles away. Air traffic disruptions began on April 15th and lasted for six days. Canceled flights impacted millions of travelers all over the world. When everyone thought that the worst had passed, another eruption happened in May.

This time, in addition to air travel disruptions, it also caused electrical storms, with bolts of lightning flashing right above the volcano. The trail takes hikers past mighty waterfalls and through newly formed lava fields.

Two new craters were formed by the eruption. The trail can be hiked in one day or split into a two-day trek with an overnight stay at a mountain hut.

That said, the scenery along the trail is definitely worth the sweat! Hike and enjoy the views of rugged mountains, glacial rivers, and a row of waterfalls along the trail. Lava Centre of Interactive Exhibitions - Learn about the underground forces of the Earth in an interactive journey through all-things-volcanoes in Iceland.

Ice Cave under Katla Volcano - Step off the typical tourist tracks and visit an all-natural ice cave. Alternating layers of blue ice and black ash not only tell you about the rich history of the caves but also stun visitors with their beauty. Named after Thor, the Norse god of Thunder, the valley is perfect for hiking. Seljalandsfoss - This waterfall is most famous for the awe-inspiring pictures it provides when you walk behind it.

Skogafoss - One of the largest waterfalls in Iceland, plunging down from a dizzying feet 60 m. It has a crater 3—4 kilometres 1. On March 20, Eyjafjallajokull began spewing molten lava in an uninhabited area in south Iceland , after being dormant for years. On April 14th, , after a brief intermission, the volcano resumed erupting from the top crater in the center of the glacier.

The renewed eruption caused massive flooding, which required an evacuation of people. This second eruption threw volcanic ash several kilometers up in the atmosphere. The ash plume could be seen from miles away. That led to air traffic disruption in North-West Europe.

The disruption lasted for six days, from April 15th to April 21st, that stranded thousands of travelers. It happened again in May, which resulted in the closure of airspace over many parts of Europe. The eruption also created electrical storms. The volcano continued to have several earthquakes daily, with volcanologists watching the mountain closely.

Today the aftermath of the volcanic eruption can be seen in Thorsmork Glacier Valley, the natural oasis that lies just behind the volcano. You can also see a part of the ice cap is still covered in ash, though that is slowly disappearing under layers of snow.

Perhaps you would like to go on a snowmobile tour on the ice cap and see the crater, which also offers you a great view of southern part of Iceland.

Eyjafjallajokull is a strato volcano. It is a conical volcano built by many layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice and volcanic ash. Strata volcanoes are among the most common volcanoes. Due to the glacier on top of Eyjafjallajokull eruptions are explosive and contain much ash.

A large magma chamber under the mountain feeds Eyjafjallajokull. The chamber derives magma from the tectonic divergence of the Mid-Atlantic ridge. The volcano is a part of the chain of volcanoes that stretch across Iceland , including volcanoes like Hekla , Katla and Grimsvotn.

Eyjafjallajokull and Katla , neighbouring volcanoes, are believed to be related.